The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This piece contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but said it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed significant attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the opportunity and continue carrying this banner and continue carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022